IT security controls are measures that are implemented in order to reduce security risks. These controls may be identified through security audits or as part of projects and continuous improvement efforts. They can be implemented as a matter of process, procedure, or automation, and are designed to protect against potential security threats or vulnerabilities.

There are many different types of IT security controls that can be implemented, including technical controls such as firewalls and antivirus software, as well as administrative controls such as security policies and employee training programs. These controls are often tailored to the specific needs and risks of an organization, and may be adjusted over time as the security landscape evolves.

Effective IT security controls are essential for protecting an organization’s assets, including sensitive data, systems, and networks. They can help to prevent data breaches, cyber attacks, and other security incidents, and are an important part of any organization’s overall risk management strategy. It is important to regularly review and update IT security controls in order to ensure that they are effective and aligned with the changing needs of the organization. The following are illustrative examples of IT security controls.

Authentication

Employees are required to pass multi factor authentication before gaining access to offices.

Audit Trail

A web server records IP addresses and URLs for each access and retains such information for a period of time as an audit trail.

Training

Employees are trained in defensing computing on an annual basis.

Peer Review

Design changes to a critical system require a secure code review.

Communication

Employees are prohibited from attaching documents to internal emails as they can easily be misaddressed. Instead, employees send a link to a document management system that offers authentication and authorization.

Incident Management

Any employee who loses an electronic device that has been used for work is required to report an incident immediately.

Cryptography

Data in storage is encrypted on all devices.

Passwords

Systems perform validation to ensure employees choose strong passwords.

Processes

An IT governance process reviews security incidents on a monthly basis.

Automation

A website places a three hour freeze on a customer’s account if they get their password wrong five times. This dramatically reduces the potential for brute force attacks.

Configuration Management

Changes to firewall rules require an approved change request.

Security Testing

Major system software releases are required to undergo security testing.